Modelling Of 3 Phase Transmission Line Engineering Essay

perplexling Of 3 manakin transmittance nisus Engineering Essay transmittance disembowel is a intermediate to extend galvanising nix from oneness place to some other for long outgos with the aim is to reduce and economically. potential drop, current, motive and top executive factor ar the main point must be enumerateed at the s hold oning end and receiving end. Typically, in Malaysia the overhead contagion identify was utilize be comelyness cost and c atomic number 18 sens be handle easily. As we know, the transmitting bankers billage maturated eminent military unit of galvanical and magnetic knit stitch to a starter place the tower. establish on that, this check will sit downing transmittance eminence utilise mortal grammatical constituent mode (FEM) boil down on level potential 275kV. The issuance of simulation of the contagion epithelial duct model will analyze electric and magnetic plain stitch under contagious disease confines towe r.2.0 Problem controlIt is well known understand that the transmittal creese for 275kV produced high strength of electric and magnetic field under the tower. In other interchange, the field strength of electric field may create higher pains to the tower that may also tend to create high risk of infection to the tower as well as to the insulator to be used. another(prenominal) issue is how much tendency of magnetic field to be answer to the human and environment has be identified wisely. However, the certain measurement under 275kV transmitting flexure tower may give high risk. Therefore, the vanquish idea is to carry out the teaching as mention in a higher place is by performing simulation study.3.0 ObjectiveTo soak up the 275kV contagion take up specification.To model the 275kV Transmission eminence using limited Element manner (FEM)To simulate the 275kV Transmission striving using Finite Element system (FEM)To analyze the electric magnetic field showd by the 275kV Transmission Line model4.0 ScopeThe scope of this bewilder atomic number 18 -Specification is base on TenagaNasionalBerhad (TNB) 275kV Transmission Line.Transmission Line modelling using Finite Element order (FEM) softw be product.5.0 Literature survey and project backgroundAnelectric power carcassis a ne iirk of electrical components used to supply, transmit and use electric power. The main parts of electric power ashes be coevals, contagious disease system, distri moreoverion system and load. At generation part, to generate an electrical energy on large scale, energy must be generate from the various sources energy such as oil, natural gas pedal and other. Then, the contagious disease system transmit or carries current that generate from generation and distribution system feeds electric to load such as consumer and industry. This project will discuss further about transmittal line system.15.1 Transmission LineTransmission line or power line ar grave part in po wer network. former(a) than that, found on theory, transmission line also croupe be describe as propagation of electric waves along the transmission line. There are many a(prenominal) factor must claim to material body transmission line. Such as transmission voltage level, types of tower, environment and others. The transmission line also dejection be constructed in two ways, overhead transmission line and pipe transmission line.5.1.1 Underground Transmission LineIn underground system, the demarcation must be selective because all theater director must be insulated in this system. Therefore, the voltage level for this system will below 66kV cause difficult to find insulation for high voltage. Underground transmission line usually use at crowded areas because the cable used best-loved compare with overhead use bare conductor not worthy at that areas.15.1.2 Overhead Transmission LineOverhead transmission line usually use for transmit electric for over long surmounts. In thi s system, set amid the tower and the conductor are very important cause to avoid an electric discharge amidst the conductors. The appropriate spacing between the conductor will produce insulation between them. This system also expose to fault such as gyp circuit, respite of line and lightening. But it easy to troubleshoot and repair compare to underground transmission line. However, it difficult to find exact point of fault cause transmission line are very long. Other than that, between the tower and the conductor must have insulation to make the transmission more pencil eraser when do it maintenance. 15.2 Types of Transmission LineTransmission line be apart(p) two part AC transmission line voltage and towering Voltage DC transmission line (HVDC).5.2.1 High Voltage DC Transmission LineThe main factor affecting the cost of energy increases is the process of transmission lines to transmit the power to the load away from power generation. To overcome this issue that is usually do AC transmission line is using HVDC transmission line.The HVDC transmission line requires conversion at two ends, from AC to DC at the sending end and back to AC at the receiving end. The converter are static using high power thyristors connected in series to give the required voltage ratings. The physiologic process of conversion is such that the same station can displacement from rectifier to inverter by simple control action, thus facilitating power reversal.2 mannequin 5.2.1 strain of be with line length4 reckon above show the variation of costs of transmission line with distance for AC and DC transmission. establish on figure, before break even distance, cost of AC transmission is reasonable and economical than DC transmission. in the first place the break even distance point, the distance is about 500 to 800 km, so after that point or durable distance HVDC transmission line more economical than AC transmission.25.2.2 AC Transmission LineTransmission line also can b e classified into cardinal types such as dead transmission line, medium transmission line and long transmission line. For short transmission a length less than 80km, medium transmission between 80km until 240km and long transmission have length more 240km. Normally, the power grids also have three level of voltage High voltage (HV), medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV). In Malaysia, based on fact from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), AC transmission line have standard voltage called National Grid. Below are standard voltage of AC transmission line-i) 132kVii) 275kViii) 500kV5.3 Modelling Transmission LineFor this project focus on 275kV transmission line modelling. in advance go through below some daybook refer to this project.Based on journal titled Modelling and Analysing of a 275kV HVAC Transmission Line for Power System Transient Studies written by M. Z. A. Ab Kadir and C. Y Jay. In this journal, it discuss the efficiency and power losings of transmission line via the concep t of travelling wave. This case study had be done at Kampung Awah- Paka, Terengganu. This root was model transmission line using PSCAD/EMTDC computer package which they call for analyze the efficiency between the frequency open model and PI-section model.Before design or model transmission line on simulation, this authorship had consider three important literary argument such as series resistance, series inductance and shunt capacitor. Based on tower data below, this paper obtained the parametric quantity such as resistance, inductance and capacitance via calculation. From the information are given, Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) such as skirt 1, design PI-section model.Line shout outKAWA-PAKATower typeSystemVoltageFrequencyLine lengthConductor diameterBundle spacingGround to conductor tipHorizontal spacingVertical spacingDouble circuit fretworkThree phase275kV50Hz160km24.16mm400mm126307300mm13000mm postpone 5.3 Parameter of 275kV KAWA-PAKA lattice tower1After consider all parameter, this paper construct design PI-section model using PSCAD/EMTDC software for 160km an overhead transmission line. To model 160km an overhead transmission line, this paper used eight identical pi-sections are connected series which each PI-section wreak 20km of transmission line. By terminating the hurry resistor at the end of transmission line, the efficiency can be measure.Figure 5.3.1 Line surge resistance using PI-section model 1For the frequency dependent model, this project used it as a reference cause it is the most accurate model. From this model also, we can learn the transient or harmonic behaviour of a line. Figure 2 show frequency dependent model.Figure 5.3.2 Line surge impedance using frequency dependent model1Both model are carried out using three different test such as, short circuit test, open circuit test and line surge impedance test. Line surge impedance test is a real line with minimum losses and both other are used to launch the behaviour of the travelling wave.SectionModel% differencesPi-sectionFreq. subordinatePi-sectionFreq. Dependent12345678273.59272.72271.87271.04270.24269.69268.69267.95272.97271.28269.32267.10264.63263.55263.01262.220.330.650.961.261.551.842.112.380.561.171.882.693.593.984.184.47Table 5.4 Summary of Pi-section and Frequency dependent modelResult of outturn voltage of each 20km section are summarized in Table above. From the Table, emergence of this project show the output voltage of Pi-section model and Frequency Dependent model are approximately same. In the real transmission line system, we expect voltage level before step up or step down at substation are maintain. Based on Table above, compare the output voltage of the Frequency dependent low than Pi section because the frequency dependent model consider all losses such as hysteresis, corona effect, eddy current losses in nearby ferromagnetic materials and induced losses in nearby short circuited non ferromagnetic material while Pi-section mod el only consider proximity effect and skin effect. Conclude from that, the efficiency both model are acceptable and approximately same. An efficiency percentage for Pi-section model is 97.6% and Frequency dependent model 95.5%. This project successful in modelled Pi-section model using PSCAD/EDMTC software and analyzed by compare with Frequency dependent model.3Second journal titled Power Flow Assesment in Transmission Lines using Simulink Model with UPFC written by Ch. Chengajah and R. V. S.Satyanarayana. This paper discuss about the performance of a single and double transmission line system (6.6/22)kV using UPFC or without UPFC model. UPFC is a co-ordinated Power Flow ascendancy which it can cleanse capability of power transfer or in other word to provide comprehensive control of power flow in transmission system.4This paper model the transmission line using Simulink to connected with UPFC model. Figure below show the transmission line model with UPFC turn by using Simulink. From the figure show the double circuit 22kV and 6.6kV interconnected with UPFC model. UPFC device function to control voltage visibility as the real and excited power in the transmission line.4Figure5.3.2 Transmission line model with UPFC device4Table below show the result of power flow and voltage profile transmission line model with UPFC and without UPFC.Parameter6.6kV Line22kV LineWithout UPFCWith UPFCWithout UPFCWith UPFCVoltage magnitude(kV)2.9262.9619.7545.162Real Power(MW)0.2740.2813.0500.854Reactive Power(Mvar)0.2050.2102.2800.639Table 5.5 Result power flow and voltage profile4Based on table above, this paper compare three parameter such as voltage magnitude, real power and reactive power. From that, an benefit can see for both transmission line when interconnect with UPFC. From that, this paper suggest mitigatement in transmission line system.45.5 SummaryBased on both journal discussed different step to model transmission line. For first journal, using PSCAD software, the paper make comparison efficiency between PI-section model and Frequency Dependent model. The paper construct by consider parameter such as resistance, inductance and capacitor to model transmission line. Then, PI-section model had been construct which each PI-model represent 20km. The simulation had be done not like real transmission line system but result at end of experiment approximately same.Figure 5.3.1 Line surge impedance using PI-section model 3For second journal, it use MATLAB/SIMULINK software to model transmission line. This paper discuss about function Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) in transmission system to improve voltage and power profile. This paper also consider value parameter such as resistance, inductance and capacitor to construct the model.Figure 5.5 22kV Transmission Line Simulink Model2Figure 5.5 above show example 22kV transmission line simulink model. At this end of this paper show result comparison between transmission line system with and withou t Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC).Therefore, this project propose to use Finite Element method acting(FEM) to model transmission line. This project will model transmission line like a real transmission line using specification Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). This project focus on 275kV HVAC transmission line and will model like real tower for 275kV transmission line. Besides that, significant of this project also can see electric and magnetic field at transmission line. From that, this project analyze further about effect electric field and magnetic field to human and environment.6.0 MethodologyStart consume the 275kV Transmission Line specification.Model the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)Troubleshooting simulationSimulate the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)Results Electric field and magnetic fieldAnalyze the electric magnetic field generated by the 275kV Transmission Line model finaleFigure 6.0 Flow chart of Final Year Proje ct6.1 Collect the 275kV Transmission Line specification.In this process, the specification of data of 275kV tower in Malaysia is needed to be collect from TNB (Tenaga Nasional Berhad). The data that need to be collect is the tower height from ground level, the distance between phase to ground, the distance between phase to phase, and distance between ground wire to phase. Other than that, types and size conductor that used for 275kV also need to collect.6.2 Model the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM)Based on data collection, model transmission lines tower with the conductor such as specification that used by TNB using Finite Element Method (FEM).6.3 Simulate the 275kV Transmission Line using Finite Element Method (FEM).For this step, simulate the model transmission line 275kV that construct before using Finite Element Method (FEM).6.4 Results Electric field and magnetic fieldThe expected result are to modelling transmission lines using bare-ass method using FEM. Other than that, this project also expected to produce electric field and magnetic field at transmission lines from one point to next point.6.5 Analyze the electric magnetic field generated by the 275kV Transmission LineAnalyze the electric magnetic field around transmission line 275kV model based on display from simulation.7.0 expect Results/BenefitThe result of this project should be able to design transmission line model using Finite Element Method (FEM) where the model must satisfied 275kV transmission line specification from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). The model are include electric field and magnetic field. From that, analyze the result based on electric field and magnetic field around the transmission line model. This project will develop in the buff method and new software to model transmission line with electric field and magnetic field by using Finite Element Method (FEM) from ANSYS Maxwell.8.0 Milestones lineDate expectationComplete literature review on the desi gn of Three Phase Transmission Line including the characteristic needed in design modeling.Nov 2012Complete search and collect data of 275kV transmission lineJan 2013Complete analyze the function of Finite Element Method to number the magnetic field and electric field.March 2013Complete design optimisationApril 2013Complete testing model with different parameter and analyze may 2013Final report writing (including paper/journal writing) and presentationJune 2013